MAKALAH BAHASA INGGRIS AKTIVE DAN PASSIVE VOICE

 

ACTIVE VOICE

A.    SOCIAL FUCTION

Ø  I'll start with active voice because it's simpler. In an active sentence, the subject is doing the action. A straightforward example is the sentence "Steve loves Amy." Steve is the subject, and he is doing the action: he loves Amy, the object of the sentence.

Ø  Another example is the title of the Marvin Gaye song “I Heard It through the Grapevine.” "I" is the subject, the one who is doing the action. "I" is hearing "it," the object of the sentence

Ø  Active voice makes documents stronger by showing responsibility or giving credit for an action. When we avoid showing responsibility, we often don't give enough information to explain the problem and how to fix it. Often, we use a form of the passive called the "cut passive" and never identify the doer of the action. This form sounds vague and abstract.

Sources : http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/active-voice-versus-passive-voice#sthash.r2bD4JfW.dpuf

B.     GENERIC STRUCTURE

A.    SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE ð  S + VI/I+S + Complement	B.     PRESENT CONTINOUS ð  S + V I + ing + Complement	C.PRESENT PERFECT ð  S + have, has + V III + Complement
D.    PAST TENSE ð  S + V II + Complement	E.     PAST CONTINOUS TENSE ð  S + was, were + V I + ing + Complement	F.      MODAL ð  S + modal + V I + Complement
G.    PAST PERFECT TENSE ð  S +  had + V III + Complement	H.    FUTURE GOING TO ð  S + is, am, are + going to + V I + Complement	I.       FUTURE PERFECT TENSE ð  S + will + have + V III + Complement

C.     EXAMPLE

1.              I lit a candle every night

2.              Some girls speak english in the room

3.              I send a letter to the post office

4.             They promise us higher wages

5.              Sultan Takdir Alisyabana was writing Layar Terkembang

6.              Minister of Art was opening five exhibitions

7.              Chairul Anwar was reading my favorite poem

8.              A doctor was giving an injection to him

9.              Rini is writing a poem in the classroom now

10.           We are asking a new student

11.          A boy is calling his girlfriend in the canteen

12.          Asih is friying some eggs in the kitchen now

13.          They have found the missing child

14.          We have not seen George for a long time

15.          The headmaster has punnished the bad students

16.          They have made my uncle a captain

17.          They gave my little sister a ticket too

18.          Someone ordered the prisoners to stand up

19.          They requested the stranger to leave the meeting

PASSIVE VOICE

A.    SOCIAL FUCTION

      PASSIVE VOICE is a grammatical construction where the subject of sentences didn’t do the action, but as the receiver of action. The object of the action becomes the subject ofthe sentence, and the actor appears in a prepositional phrase, or is absent from the sentence.

      In passive voice, the target of the action gets promoted to the subject position. Instead of saying, "Steve loves Amy," I would say, "Amy is loved by Steve." The subject of the sentence becomes Amy, but she isn't doing anything. Rather, she is just the recipient of Steve's love. The focus of the sentence has changed from Steve to Amy.

      If you wanted to make the title of the Marvin Gaye song passive, you would say “It was heard by me through the grapevine,” not such a catchy title anymore.

      - See more at: http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/active-voice-versus-passive-voice#sthash.r2bD4JfW.dpuf

B.     GENERIC STRUCUTURE

A.     SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE ð  S + is, am, are + V III + by + Complement	B.     PRESENT CONTINOUS ð  S + is, am, are + being + V III + by + Complement	C.     PRESENT PERFECT ð  S + have, has + been + V III + by + Complement
D.     PAST TENSE ð  S + was, were + V III + by + Complement	E.      PAST CONTINOUS TENSE ð  S + was, were + being + V III + by + Complement	F.      MODAL ð  S + modal + be  + V III + by + Complement
G.     PAST PERFECT TENSE ð  S + had + been + V III + by + Complement	H.     FUTURE GOING TO ð  S + is, am, are + going to  + be + V III + by + Complement	I.        FUTURE PERFECT TENSE ð  S + will + have + been + V III + by + Complement

C.     EXAMPLE

1.      A candle is lited by me every night

2.      English is spoken by some girls in the room

3.      A letter is sent by me to the post office

4.      We are promised higher wages by them

5.      A poem is being writen by Rini classroom now

6.      A new student is being asked by us

7.      His girlfriend is being called by a boy in the canteen

8.      Some eggs are being fried by Asih in the kitchen

9.      The missing child have been found by them

10.  George have not been seen by us for a long time

11.  The bad students have been punnished by headmaster

12.  My uncle has been a captain by them

13.  My litle siter was given by them a ticket too

14.  The prisoners were ordered by someone to stand up

15.  The stranger was requested by them to leave the meeting

16.  Layar Terkembang was being writen by Sultan Takdir Alisyabana

17.  Five exhibitions were being opened by Minister of Art

18.  My favorite poem was being read by Chairul Anwar

19.  An injection was being given by a doctor to him

LEXICROGRAMMATICAL

No.	Language component	Contain
1	Personal pronoun
	(subject)	I, we, they, you
	(object)	You. It
2	Verb	Open, read, give, writing, make, sing, wash, etc
3	Noun	A captain, a doctor, girlfriend, a poem, etc
4	Adverb	Tomorrow, now, last year, next week, a few days ago, in the kitchen, in the classroom, post office, etc.