MATERI TENSES

A.   SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

1.     Definition :

Simple present tense is used to describe habitual action or general truths.

2.     Pattern :

a.       Verbal sentences :

(+) Subject + Verb 1(S/Es) +…(Object+ Adv.)

(-) Subject + Do/Does + Not + Verb 1 +….(Object + Adv.)

(?) Do/Does + Subject + Verb 1 + …. (Object+Adv.) + ?

b.      Nominal sentences :

(+) Subject + To Be (Is,Am,Are) + Complement (Adjective, Noun, Adverb)

(-) Subject + To Be (Is,Am,Are) + Not +Complement (Adjective, Noun, Adverb)

(?) To Be (Is,Am,Are) + Subject +Complement (Adjective, Noun, Adverb) + ?

3.     Time signal :

a.       Adverb of Frequency v  Always      : Selalu v  Usually      : Biasanya v  As a rule    : Sebagai aturan v  Generally   : Umumnya v  Normally   : biasanya b.      Every v  Every morning      : Setiap pagi v  Every afternoon    : Setiap sore v  Every  evening      : Setiap malam v  Every day              : Setiap hari v  Every other day    : Setiap hari v  Every Sunday       : Setiap hari Minggu v  Every week           : Setiap minggu c.       Once v  Once a year           : Sekali setahun v  Once a month        : Sebulan sekali v  Once a week         : Sekali seminggu

d.  Twice         : dua kali e.   Three time : tiga kali f.    Four times  : empat kali g.   At noon      : pada tengah hari h.   At midnight           : pada tengah malam i.     At night                  : di waktu malam j.     On Monday            : pada hari senin k.   In the evening        : di malam hari l.     In the afternoon     : pada sore hari m. In the morning       : pagi-pagi n.   Never                     : tak pernah o.   Regularly                : secara teratur p.   Some times             : beberapa kali q.   Seldom                   : jarang r.    Nowadays              : sekarang s.    Steadily                  : terus-menerus t.    Now and then        : sekali-sekali

4.     Examples :

a.       Verbal sentences :

(+) Ida moves to the toilet

( -) Ida does not move to the toilet

(?) does Ida move to the toilet ? Yes, she does/ No, she does not

b.      Nominal sentences:

(+) I am pretty woman

( -) I am not pretty woman

(?) am I pretty woman ? Yes, I am / No, I am not

B. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

1.     Definition :

     Simple past tense is used to express an action that happened in the past ( started and finished in the past ).

2.     Pattern :

a.       Verbal sentences :

(+) subject + Verb 2 + (Object + Adv.)

      (- ) subject + did + not + verb 1 + (Object + Adv.)

(?)did + subject + verb 1 + (Object + Adv.) + ?

b.      Nominal sentences :

(+) subject + was/were + Complement (Adjective, Noun, Adverb)

(- ) subject + was/were + not + Complement (Adjective, Noun, Adverb)

(? ) was/were + subject + Complement (Adjective, Noun, Adverb) + ?

3.     Time signal :

a.       Yesterday                                : kemarin

b.      last night                                 : tadi malam

c.       last week                                 : minggu lalu

d.      the other day                           : hari lain

e.       a few minutes ago                   : beberapa menit yang lalu

f.       in 1997                                    : pada tahun 1997

g.      the day before yesterday        : sehari sebelum kemarin

h.      an hour ago                             : satu jam yang lalu

4.     Examples :

a.       Verbal sentences :

(+) He played football last day

(- ) He did not play foot ball last day

(? ) Did He play football last day? Yes, he did / No, he did not

b.      Nominal sentences:

(+)she was a doctor in the hospital

(- ) she was not a doctor in the hospital

(? )was she a doctor in the hospital? Yes, she was / No, she was not

C.   PRESENT FUTURE TENSE

1.     Definition :

present future tense is used when the activity or event will happen in the future or after now on

2.     Pattern :

a.       Verbal sentences:

(+) subject + will + verb 1 + (Object + Adv.)

(- )subject + will  + not + verb 1 +(Object + Adv.)

(? ) will + subject + verb 1 + (Object + Adv.) + ?

b.      Nominal sentences :

      (+) subject + will + be + Complement (Adjective, Noun, Adverb)

(- ) subject + will + not + be + Complement (Adjective, Noun, Adverb)

(? ) will + subject + be + Complement (Adjective, Noun, Adverb) + ?

3.     Time signal :

a.       Tomorrow                         : besok

b.      Next                                 : berikutnya

c.       Tonight                              : malam ini

d.      The day after tomorrow    : lusa

e.       Soon                                  : segera

f.       Later                                  : kemudian

g.      two more days                  : dua hari lagi

h.      by and by                          : oleh dan oleh

4.     Examples :

a.       verbal sentences :

(+) they will go to Indonesia tomorrow

(- )they will not go to Indonesia tomorrow

(? ) will they go to Indonesia tomorrow ? Yes, they will / No, they will not

b.      nominal sentences :

(+) she will be a student next week

(- )she will not be a student next week

(? ) will she be a student next week ? Yes, she well / No, she well not

D.    PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

1.     Definition :

Present perfect tense is used to describes an action that happened at an indefinite time in the past or that began in the past and continues in the present.

2.     Pattern :

a.       Verbal sentences :

(+) subject + have/has + verb 3 + (Object + Adv.)

(- ) subject + have/has + not + verb 3+ (Object + Adv.)

(?)have/has +subject + verb 3 + (Object + Adv.) + ?

b.      Nominal sentences :

(+)Subject + has / have + been + object

(- ) Subject + has / have + not + been + object

(? ) Have / has + subject + been + object + ?

3.     Time signal :

a.       For v  For  several minutes: selama beberapa menit v  For an hour            : selama satu jam v  For two hour         : selama dua jam b.      Since         : karena c.       Already     : sudah d.      Not Yet     : belum e.       As yet        : masih f.       Never        : tak pernah g.      Ever           : pernah h.      Recently    : baru-baru ini i.        Just            : hanya

j.        Lately        : akhir-akhir ini k.      Finally       : akhirnya l.        At last       : akhirnya m.    So far        : sejauh ini n.      Up to the present time : sampai saat ini o.      Before                   : sebelum p.      Several times         : beberapa kali q.      Once                      : sekali r.        Twice                    : dua kali s.       Several times         : beberapa kali t.        Three times            : tiga kali u.      Many times           : berkali-kali

4.     Examples :

a.       Verbal sentences :

(+) we have cleaned the room

(- )we have not cleaned the room

(? ) have we cleaned the room ? Yes, we have / No, we have not

b.      Nominal sentences :

(+) Agus has been sick for 2 days

(- ) Agus has not been sick for 2 days

(? ) hasAgus been sick for 2 days ? Yes, he has / No, he has not

E.     PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1.     Definition :

Present continuous tense is used to talk about activities happening now, can also used to talk about activities happening around now, and also to used to talk about activities happening in the near future, especially for planned future events.

2.     Pattern :

a.       Verbal sentences :

(+) subject +to be( is, am, are) + verb-ing +object

(- )subject +to be( is, am, are) + not + verb-ing +object

(? ) to be (is, am, are) + subject + verb-ing + object + ?

b.      Nominal sentences :

(+) Subject + To Be (Is, Am, Are) + Complement (Adjective, Noun, Adverb)

(-) Subject + To Be (Is, Am, Are) + Not +Complement (Adjective, Noun, Adverb)

(?) To Be (Is ,Am, Are) + Subject +Complement (Adjective, Noun, Adverb) + ?

3.     Time signal :

a.       Now                      : sekarang

b.      At present             : kini

c.       At this moment     : pada saat ini

4.     Examples :

a.       Verbal sentences :

(+) she is giving a present

(- )she is not giving a present

(? ) is she giving a present ? Yes, she is / No, she is not

b.      Nominal sentences :

(+) I am happy

(-) I am not happy now

            (?) Are you happy now? Yes, I am are/No, I am aren’t

F.    PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

1.     Definition :

past continuous tenses is used to discribe an action which was happening in the past and was interrupted by another action.past continuous tense is also used when two actions were happening at the same time in the past.

2.     Pattern  :

a.       Verbal sentences :

(+) subject + was/were + verb-ing + object

(- )subject + was/were + not + verb-ing + object

(? ) was/were + subject + verb-ing + object + ?

b.      Nominal sentences :

(+)subject + to be (was,were) + be ing + object + adverb     

( -)subject + to be + not + object + adverb                

     (?)to be(was,were) + subject + object + adverb + ?

3.     Time signal :

a.     When   : kapan

b.    While   : sementara

c.     As        : sebagai

d.    The whole day yesterday        : sepanjang hari kemarin

e.     All day yesterday                    : sepanjang hari kemarin

f.     All morning yesterday            : semua pagi kemarin

g.    All week yesterday                : sepanjang minggu kemarin

4.     Examples :

a.       Verbal sentences :

(+) Robert was going to school

(- ) Robert was not going to school

(? ) was Robert going to school ? Yes, he was / No, he was not

b.      Nominal sentences :

(+)he was being a design character in pixar                           

(-)he was not being a design character in pixar                                  

(?)was he being a design character in pixar ? Yes, he was / No, he was not

G.  FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

1.     Definition :

Future continuous tenseis used to say something that will be in progress (going on) at a particular moment in the future. It expresses the duration of a single future event with or without a definite time and for the near or distant future.

2.     Pattern :

a.       verbal sentences :

(+) subject + shall/will + be + verb- ing + object

(-) subject + shall/will + not + be + verb-ing + object

(?)shall/will + subject + be + verb-ing + object + ?

b.      nominal sentences :

(+)S+Will/Shall+Be+Being+O+Adv

(-)S+Will/Shall+Not+Be+Being+O+Adv

(?)Will/Shall+S+Be+Being+O+Adv + ?

3.     Time signal :

a.       At the same time v  Tomorrow : besok v  Next Friday: berikutnya jumat b.      At this time v  Next month: bulan depan v  Next week : minggu depan

c.       At..o’clock tomorrow: pada pukul..besok d.      At ..o’clock next.. : pada..jam berikunya… e.       By this time….      : pada saat ini…

4.     Examples :

a.       Verbal sentences :

(+) he will be swimming very fast

(-) he will not be swimming very fast

(?)will he be swimming very fast ? yes, he will / no, he will not

b.      nominal sentences :

(+)I will be being a professionalstoryboard artist

(-)I will not be being aprofessional storyboard artist

(?)Will you be being aprofessional storyboard artist? Yes, you will / No, you will not

H.  PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

1.     Definition :

Present perfect continuous tense Isused to show that something started in the past and has continued started in the past and has continued up until now.

2.     Pattern :

a.       Verbal sentences :

   (+) subject + have/has been + verb-ing + object

(-)  subject + have/has been not +  verb-ing + object

(?) have/has + subject + verb-ing +object +?

b.      Nominal sentences :

(+)subject+Have/Has+Been+Being+O+Adv

(- )subject+Have/Has+Not+Been+Being+O+Adv

(?) Have/Has+subject+Been+Being+O+Adv + ?

3.     Time signal :

a.       For                  : untuk

b.      Since              : karena

c.       Long               : panjang

d.      All the day     : semua hari

e.       The whole month       : seluruh bulan

4.     Examples :

a.       Verbal sentences :

(+) she has been writing a story

(-) she has not been writing a story

(?)has she writing a story ? yes, she has / no, she has not

b.      Nominal sentences :

(+)I have been being an animator since I was 18 years old

(-)I haven’t been being an animator since I was 18 years old

(?)Have I been an animator since I was 18 years old ?yes, I have / no, I have not